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TRIOZA PSYLLID Trioza erythrea (Del Guernica) -- Homoptera, Psyllidae (Contacts) ----- CLICK on Photo to enlarge &
search for Subject Matter with Ctrl/F. GO TO ALL: Bio-Control Cases This
psyllid and Diaphorina citri (Kuwayama) are important
psyllids attacking citrus by transmitting greening or likubin disease. Trioza
erythrea is distributed
throughout eastern Africa, but also occurs in Sudan, South Africa, Madagascar,
Mauritius, St. Helena and Reunion. In
Reunion T. erythrea is widespread in areas
of high rainfall above 500 m. Two
eulophids, Tetrastichus dryi Waterston and Psyllaephagus pulvinatus Waterston, were
introduced from South Africa. Only T. dryi became established and controlled T. erythrea within two years (Aubert & Quilici
1983). In 1978 Tetrastichus radiatus
Waterston was introduced from India, and along with an accidentally
introduced parasitoid, Diaphorencyrtus
aligarhensis (Shaffee et
al.) produced complete biological control of the other psyllid, D. citri in two years (Kennett et al. 1985). Tetrastichus
radiatus was introduced from
Reunion in 1984, but did not become established. Diaphorencyrtus
aligarhensis and Psyllaephagus sp. were already
present (Chiu et al. 1985). REFERENCES: [Additional references may be found at: MELVYL
Library ] Aubert, B. & S. Quilici. 1983.
Nouvel quilibre biologique observ la Reunion sur les populations de
psyllids l'introduction et l'establissement d'hymenoptäres chalcidiens. Fruits 38: 771-80. Chiu, S. C., K. C. Lo., C. C. Chien, C. C. Chen & C. F. Che n. 1985. A review of the biological of crop pests
in Taiwan (1981-1984). Spec. Publ.
No. 19, Taiwan Agr. Res. Inst. p.
1-8. Kennett, C. E., J. A. McMurtry & J. W. Beardsley. 1999.
Biological control in subtropical and tropical crops. In: Bellows, T. S. & T. W. Fisher (eds.), Handbook of Biological Control: Principles and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, New York. 1046 p. |